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Ears

Yorkshire Terrier Ears: 
Set, Care, Cleaning & Infections

Overview

A Yorkshire Terrier's ears are among their most defining features, shaping their expressive and distinctive appearance. In this guide, we delve into the intricacies of ear set and appearance per the breed standards of recognized by top kennel clubs and discuss puppy ear set and adult floppy ears (including the results of a poll to show how common this is). 


We'll also provide detailed instructions on how to clean your Yorkie's ears effectively, identify symptoms of infections, and offer strategies to prevent common ear issues. Whether you're a new pet parent or looking to refine your care routine, this guide is your comprehensive resource for ensuring your Yorkshire Terrier's ears are as healthy as they are beautiful.

Yorkshire Terrier Ear Set
Yorkshire Terrier Ear Set

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Yorkshire Terrier Ear Set Per Breed Standards:

Breed standards from prestigious organizations like the AKC, CKC, KC, and FCI offer fascinating insights into what makes the ideal show dog. These guidelines illuminate the desired physical and temperamental traits of a breed, including their ear set.


It's important to remember that these standards are blueprints for breeding and showing, not a checklist against which to measure your little guy or gal's worth. Your Yorkie's individual charm and unique characteristics are what truly make them special. Let's take a look at how the ears are described when describing the "ideal" Yorkshire Terrier: 


  • AKC (American Kennel Club): Ears are small, V-shaped, carried erect and set not too far apart.
  • CKC (Canadian Kennel Club): Ears small V-shaped, carried erect, set high on the head, with the hair trimmed short on the tips. 
  • KC (Kennel Club of the UK) and FCI (International Canine Federation): Small, V-shaped, carried erect, not too far apart, covered with short hair, colour very deep, rich tan.


So, as you can see, there is strong agreement that a Yorkshire Terrier's ears should be small, V-shaped (technically an upside-down V) and standing erect on their own.


Yorkshire Terrier Puppy Ear Set

Yorkie puppies are born with floppy ears. due to underdeveloped muscles at the ear's base, which strengthen over time. Usually between the age of 3 months to 6 months, the ears will gradually raise up and the stand on their own. One ear may stand up before the other; typically the lagging ear is not far behind and both will match up shortly.


Note that the teething phase, which starts around the 4-month mark, a Yorkie puppy's ears can lose a bit of strength, but then will normally bounce back up once teething subsides. 


Some Yorkie puppies are "late bloomers" and the ears may not stand up until much later that one expects, taking up to the 9 month mark.


In rare instances, the ears may not stand up as expected. One or both ears may be folded (the tip folds down toward the base or off to the side) or lie flat.  Those with floppy ears are not suited for show events like the AKC, where erect, V-shaped ears are required. However, this is purely an aesthetic concern and doesn't impact the dog's health, and can be said to add to their charm.


Floppy Ears on a Yorkshire Terrier

A Yorkshire Terrier with Floppy Ears

How Common is it for a Yorkie to have Floppy Ears?

We conducted an online survey through the YorkieInfoCenter site, focusing on Yorkshire Terrier behavior, health, and personality traits. We posed several multiple-choice questions to our members and provided an option for comments to gain deeper insights into specific areas of interest.


After collecting responses for a week, we had a total of 2,146 participants. The demographic breakdown was as follows: 72% from the US, 8% from the UK, 8% from Canada, and the rest scattered across various countries.


The ages of the Yorkshire Terriers surveyed were distributed as follows: 3% were young puppies (under 6 months old), 10% were puppies (6 to 12 months old), 51% were young adults (1 to 3 years old), 26% were adults (4 to 8 years old), and 10% were seniors (9 years and older). The gender of the Yorkies was a ratio of 56% male to 44% female.


One of the questions in the poll focused on the Yorkshire Terriers' ears, targeting owners of adult dogs (1 year and older). We inquired, "Which describes your Yorkie's ears?" offering five potential responses. The results were:


  • Both ears standing erect: 71%
  • Floppy ears: 13%
  • Slightly floppy: 7%
  • Ears standing but occasionally dropping: 6%
  • Other: 3%


This data indicates that while a majority (79%) of Yorkshire Terriers have erect ears, a significant portion (29%) exhibit varying degrees of non-erect ear posture. Among the comments for the 'Other' category, a prevalent observation was the presence of one erect ear and one floppy ear.


Is there a way to make a Yorkie's ears stand up?

In some cases, Yorkshire Terriers may not have ears that stand up due to insufficient muscle. However, there are methods that can potentially aid in strengthening the muscles at the base of the ears. These methods are by no means guaranteed to work and are simply anecdotal.

#1 Massage:

Massaging the base of a Yorkshire Terrier's ears is a technique that boosts blood circulation and may stimulates muscle activity, which may help the ears to stand erect. This method should be carried out gently and incorporated into daily routines, ideally for a few minutes per ear in each session.


Employ soft, circular motions starting from the base and moving upwards, ensuring not to pull or stretch the ear too harshly. This process not only aids in muscle strengthening but also provides an opportunity to check for signs of health issues like irritation or infection.


It is recommended to continue this massage regimen consistently for at least a month. If no noticeable improvement is observed after this period, it may be time to accept the natural stance of your Yorkie's ears.

#2 Taping:

Taping the ears is a method to encourage ear standing in Yorkshire Terriers, though its success is variable and sometimes coincidental, as ears may stand without it. Note, taping can cause discomfort or itching. The process involves shaving the top third of the ears to lighten them, cleaning with a canine solution to avoid ear canal damage, folding the ears vertically, and wrapping them with gauze and tape for alignment. The tape stays on for three days, allowing intermittent breaks for ear health, without compromising effectiveness.


Improvements may appear within three days to three weeks, but genetics ultimately dictate the outcome. If there's no progress after a month, it may be time to accept the dog's natural ear posture. By 7 months, if the ears haven't stood, they likely won't, as muscle development is mostly complete. Remember, many purebred Yorkshire Terriers have floppy ears, which are equally charming, especially if you're not planning to show your dog.


How to Take Good Care of Your Yorkie's Ears: Cleaning & Tips

When it comes to caring for a Yorkshire Terrier, their distinctive, erect ears necessitate attentive care. While they don't face the same challenges as breeds with long, floppy ears, which can trap moisture and lead to excessive ear wax and infections, Yorkies are still vulnerable. Their upright ears are exposed to the elements, making them susceptible to attracting debris and dust. This means that, although their ear care regimen may not be as extensive, it is crucial to maintain a routine cleaning schedule to keep their ears healthy and free from issues. 


Let’s take a look at the easy steps to keep your Yorkie’s ears clean and healthy. 

#1 Clean the ear flaps once per week.

Overview: The outer part of a Yorkshire Terrier’s ears, or the ear flap (pinna), can accumulate dirt, wax, and oils, which can attract bacteria and yeast. Cleaning the ear flap is essential for removing these substances and preventing surface infections or irritations that could spread to the ear canal.


Supplies: Soft, thin wipes that are gentle and designed for pet care, preferably unscented and alcohol-free to avoid irritation. If you opt to use a dry wipe, you will require ear cleaning solution (do not use plain water or soapy water).


Instructions: Once a week, gently wipe the ear flaps, both inside and out, using a thin wipe suitable for the inner ear's folds. Swipe all areas carefully. If there's minimal debris, you can use the same wipe for both ears by flipping it over; otherwise, use a new wipe for the second ear. When cleaning, only reach as far into the ear canal opening as your fingertip allows, without forcing it deeper, as cleaning deeper into the ear canal requires a different approach.


Recommended Wipes: We recommend using a specialty grooming wipe like Project Watson Dog Ear Wipes that have enough dampness to clean effectivity but not so much as to inadvertently introduce moisture to the ear canal. 


#2 Flush the ears as needed. 

Overview: The necessity and frequency of inner ear canal cleanings with an ear cleaning solution differ among dogs. Yorkshire Terriers prone to ear infections or wax buildup might require weekly cleanings, while those without issues may only need them biannually. Proper ear canal cleaning removes wax, debris, and pathogens, preventing ear infections, eliminating mites, and clearing blockages that can cause discomfort, hearing loss, or odor. This routine is crucial for maintaining ear health and preventing common problems. 


Supplies: A quality ear cleaning solution and sterile gauze pads or sterile cotton pads. 


Instructions: 


  1. Complete cleaning for one ear before starting the other.
  2. Gently apply the ear cleaning solution to the ear canal without going deep, using just enough to avoid overflow. Proceed immediately to the next step after application.
  3. Massage the ear's base for 30 to 60 seconds with your thumb and forefinger on opposite sides, using a gentle circular motion. You might hear the solution moving.
  4. Wipe the ear with cotton or gauze wrapped around your finger, focusing on easily reachable areas without trying to clean deep inside. Expect to see debris ranging from yellow to dark brown, including small black bits.


Recommended Ear Cleaning Solution: We really like Project Watson Ear Wash for Dogs; this is a gentle made-in-the-USA cleanser with proper pH.


#3 Stay diligent about a quality diet.

A balanced diet, abundant in essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, proteins, and fatty acids, ensures that the body's defense mechanisms are operating at their peak. This nutritional support helps to prevent the occurrence of ear infections, which are common issues in dogs.



Moreover, the relationship between diet and ear health extends to food sensitivities and allergies, which are not uncommon in Yorkshire Terriers. Allergies to certain food ingredients can lead to systemic inflammation, manifesting in various symptoms, including ear problems. Symptoms such as itchiness, redness, or excessive ear wax can often be traced back to dietary triggers. 


#4 Assess the need for ear hair trimming or plucking. 

Yorkshire Terriers' unique coats include hair around their ears which may require regular trimming if it is prone to grow long enough to block circulation to the ears. This grooming practice not only keeps a Yorkie looking sharp but also promotes better ear health by reducing the risk of infections. There may also be longer or excessive hairs growing from the ear canal. These accumulated hairs can trap moisture, leading to bacterial and yeast infections, so maintaining cleanliness in this area is crucial.


For those experienced in pet grooming, careful use of appropriate tools like grooming scissors or clippers and trim their hairs on the ear. For long hairs in the canals, these can be plucked with tweezers or a hemostat (and ear powder); this is most often done via a groomer or at the vet's during a wellness check.


Yorkshire Terrier Ear Infections: Facts, Signs, Treatment, Prevention

Ear infections, or otitis externa, rank highly among health issues in dogs, affecting nearly all at some point. And while the Yorkshire Terrier is not a top breed prone to this, they can and do suffer from ear infections, often related to grooming or allergies. Chronic infections can troublesome despite diligent care; despite taking appropriate and diligent care of a dog's health, some dogs may still experience chronic ear infections.



Let's take a look at the details to help diagnose, treat and prevent ear infections with your Yorkie. 

Types of Ear Infections:

  1. Bacterial, Non-pathogenic Infections: These are often caused by an overgrowth of normally occurring bacteria, such as staphylococcus (staph) bacteria. Factors like foreign objects in the ear, allergies, or a compromised immune system can disrupt the natural balance, leading to infection.
  2. Bacterial, Pathogenic Infections: These infections are caused by harmful bacteria from external sources entering the ear canal. Contaminated water is a common source, especially in dogs that swim or are bathed frequently without proper ear drying.
  3. Yeast (Fungal) Infections: The Malassezia yeast is a common inhabitant of dog skin and ears. Overgrowth leading to infection can be triggered by factors that disrupt the ear's microenvironment, such as humidity, moisture trapped in the ear canal, or a weakened immune system.
  4. Mites (Ear Mites): Ear mites, particularly Otodectes cynotis, are a common cause of ear problems in dogs. While mites themselves cause infestations rather than infections, their presence can lead to secondary infections due to the irritation and inflammation they cause. Mites can spread between animals through direct contact and, less commonly, through short jumps or shared bedding. More info regarding mites can be found below in our 'Related Article' section.

Symptoms:

Symptoms can vary depending on the type of ear infection a Yorkshire Terrier has and how long it has been present. Signs may include one, some or all of the following:


  • Persistent Itchiness: Dogs may incessantly scratch at their ears, a clear sign of discomfort.
  • Head Shaking: Frequent, vigorous shaking of the head is common as dogs attempt to relieve irritation.
  • Rubbing Head Against Objects: Dogs might rub their ears against furniture or the ground to soothe itchiness.
  • Redness and Inflammation: The ear canal and outer ear may appear visibly red and swollen.
  • Discharge: An obvious symptom, indicating infection, is the presence of thick, yellow, or sometimes greenish discharge.
  • Presence of Pus: In severe infections, pus can accumulate in the ear canal, indicating a bacterial infection.
  • Crusting: Overnight, discharge may dry, leading to crusty deposits around the ear.
  • Foul Odor: A noticeable bad smell emanating from the ear is a strong indicator of an infection.
  • Balance Issues: Severe infections can affect a dog's equilibrium, leading to dizziness or tilting of the head.
  • Whining or Crying: Pain from the infection may cause a dog to whine or cry, especially when the ear is touched.
  • Loss of Appetite: Pain and discomfort from the ear infection may lead to a decreased interest in food.
  • Behavioral Changes: Dogs may become more irritable or less interactive due to the discomfort.
  • Hearing Loss: Temporary or permanent hearing loss can occur in severe cases or if the infection is left untreated.
  • Swelling of the Ear Flap: In some cases, the entire ear flap can become swollen and hard to the touch.
  • Walking in Circles: If the infection has reached the inner ear, dogs might walk in circles or have difficulty maintaining their balance.


Recognizing these symptoms early and consulting a veterinarian can lead to a quicker diagnosis and more effective treatment, preventing the infection from worsening or causing long-term damage.


Treatment Approaches:

Home treatments might suffice for mild cases, using over-the-counter ear cleansers similar to regular ear cleaning routines but with specific products and increased frequency. It's vital to note that OTC products cannot take the place of antibiotics; if your Yorkie has a bacterial ear infection, they will need to be treated by the veterinarian with prescribed antibiotic medication. 


When treating ear infections at home, it's important to use products formulated specifically for dogs' ears. This might be a medicated ear cleaner like Vetnique Labs Oticbliss Ear Cleaner Flush that contains hydrocortisone to help with itching or another formula recommended by the vet. Increasing the frequency of cleanings can help sometimes help manage the infection and alleviate symptoms, but it's crucial to follow a veterinarian's advice to avoid exacerbating the condition.

Veterinary Care is usually required for severe or chronic infections. A veterinarian might prescribe:


  • Topical Medications: Medicated drops containing antibiotics, antifungals, or anti-parasitics specifically tailored to the type of infection (bacterial, yeast, or mite).
  • Oral Medications: In some cases, especially with deep infections or when a dog has a history of chronic infections, oral antibiotics or antifungals may be necessary.
  • Cleaning and Debridement: A vet may need to clean a dog's ears thoroughly under sedation, especially if the infection is severe and the ear canal is filled with debris.
  • Underlying Conditions: For chronic infections, identifying and treating underlying conditions such as allergies, hormonal imbalances, or autoimmune diseases is crucial.


Severe Cases and Surgery: For dogs unresponsive to conventional treatments, surgery might be an option. Procedures like TECA and BO are considered for severe damage, with post-operative care including antibiotics and pain management.


Prevention:

There are several steps you can take to help prevent your Yorkshire Terrier from having a lot of ear infections:


  1. Routine Ear Care: Check your Yorkie's ears regularly for signs of irritation, discharge, or odor to catch issues early. And be sure to clean their ears on a regular basis, adhering to the frequency suggested by the vet (see the previous 'Flush Ears as Needed').
  2. Environmental and Lifestyle Adjustments: Any time your Yorkie gets wet from bathing or swimming, dry their ears thoroughly to prevent moisture buildup. For water activities, consider using ear protectants or cotton balls to keep water out, but make sure to remove them immediately afterward.
  3. Health and Diet: Address any allergies your Yorkie may have, as allergies can lead to chronic ear infections. Feeding a balanced diet and considering supplements, such as omega-3 fatty acids, can support your Yorkshire Terrier's immune system and overall skin health.
  4. Environmental Control: Prevent your Yorkie from drinking or swimming in stagnant water sources.
  5. Monitoring and Intervention: Stay vigilant for signs of ear discomfort, such as scratching or head shaking, and consult your veterinarian at the first sign of trouble for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Related Article:

Yorkshire Terrier Ear Mites - This article covers the specific concern of ear mite infections, with symptoms, treatment and prevention.

More Articles:

Yorkshire Terrier Do and Don't List - A super-helpful concise guide on the most important do's and the most vital don'ts for this amazing toy breed. How many are you following? 

How to Keep Your Yorkie's Teeth Clean - This breed is extremely prone to tooth decay and other painful issues that can lead to tooth loss, bone deterioration and more. Follow these tips to take proper care of your Yorkie's teeth.

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